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In this paper, a wideband rectenna without using matching networks is presented. In addition of wide bandwidth, the omnidirectional radiation pattern, maximum radio frequency to dc conversion efficiency, harvesting capability of the minimum input power level, easy fabrication process cause this antenna be a good choice for radio frequency energy harvesting applications. Matching network has been eliminated and the antenna structure has been used to match with rectifier for energy harvesting with maximum efficiency. Based on the minimum input power level, two different structures have been suggested as the rectenna. The suggestive model meets proper efficiency within the frequency band of 1.71-2.5GHz and harvests the input power levels of 0dBm and -5dBm by implementing the two proposed structures with the maximum efficiencies of 74 and 68%, respectively. The multi-tone state has been also investigated which indicated the maximum obtained efficiencies of about 42 and 44% for the 2- and 3-tone modes, respectively.

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Today, electricity service providers have to consider economic index as well as social indicators and consumer perspectives. In this paper, by studying the consumer satisfaction function, a new load model based on nonlinear consumer perspective has been developed. The main variable in the proposed model is the coefficient of individual consumer behavior, which requires field and statistical activities to estimate. As an alternative solution in this paper, the relationship between demand elasticity and individual behavior coefficients has been mathematically developed to estimate these coefficients through demand elasticity information. Also, a new demand response program based on individual behavior and satisfaction function has been developed to determine the incentive rate for consumer participation in an optimal way based on their individual perspective. In the numerical results section, the data of Iran's electricity network has been selected for study. Numerical results showed that in order to study the annual consumption change, in addition to increasing prices, inflation rates and increasing consumer incomes also need to be examined. It was also shown that for the Iranian electricity grid, the demand response program implementation for the household consumers has the lowest cost. However, in order to achieve maximum welfare, it is more appropriate these programs have been applied to the public customers.