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Generally nonlinear modelling of aerospace system has uncertainty in model parameters and also in real situation different disturbances are applied to system. In spite of these uncertainties and disturbances, autopilot control system should be guarantee stability and desired performance of system. The conditions such as fast response, low tracking error, system robustness must be considered in autopilot design. In this paper, a new method is suggested to reduce the tracking error and increase system robustness. The proposed method is based on Backstepping approach. To reduce the tracking error, resulted from the simplification of the missile model, a nonlinear disturbance observer is used to estimate the uncertainty and also update the reference signal. In addition nonlinear disturbance observer is used to eliminate output disturbance. The advantage of the proposed method is its complete flexibility and also it can be employ for linear and nonlinear systems

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In this paper, the guidance law designing problem in the presence of the control loop dynamics using sliding mode control has been studied. For this purpose in the design process, stable control loop dynamic considered that usually not considered by the designers. In practice there is a lag for control loop that may lead to instability in the guidance loop. In this paper the control loop dynamic that is stabilized with an autopilot, approximated as first order lag and then is considered with kinematic equation of motion in designing procedure. To solve the problem because of the nonlinearity in equations and target maneuvers as uncertainty, the sliding mode control scheme is used. So just having the bounds of the uncertainty we can design guidance law and the measure or estimate of uncertainty is not required. The sliding variable is defined with respect to parallel navigation idea using relative lateral velocity between the interceptor and the target. Then a controller is designed for reaching the sliding variable to sliding surface. Therefore the line of sight rate will be zero and collision is inevitable. Also for removing chattering, the continues approximation method is used.

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In this paper, a finite-time stabilized guidance law is addressed in presence of some measurement noises. The measurement noise would effect on the guidance system stability and or performances. Hence, in presence of measurement noise, the guidance law must be modified such a way that the noise effect on the guidance system response would be reduced. By using the stochastic stability theory, a modified guidance law, depended on the measurement noises variance, will be proposed such that the line of sight angle rate is stabilized in a finite time. After such a finite-time, no force would be applied to the vehicle actuators. Then the line of sight angle would be a constant one. The proposed method would be used in a two-dimensional numerical example. The effectiveness of the suggested method is shown in the simulation results.

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Usually, constrained lateral acceleration would have undesirable effects on the stability and performance of a guidance system. The composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) can be effectively used to improve the transient response of the closed-loop system in the presence of the constrained input. In this way, guidance law consists of an extra nonlinear term besides the conventional linear one. As a result, such a term adjusts the qualitative characteristics of the transient response. Meanwhile, the nonlinear term is a function of the rate of line-of-sight (LOS) angle which is not activated at origin and infinity. Thus it would be effective only in a specified region. In this paper, proportional navigation is employed for the linear term of the CNF-based guidance law. Therefore, a guidance algorithm is developed for tracking problems using the CNF idea. Applying the proposed guidance method, the closed-loop stability is analytically proved via the well-known Lyapunov stability theory. The suggested approach is simulated in a numerical example. Then the results are compared with an existing technique. As expected, guaranteeing closed-loop stability, in contrast to a similar method, the addressing scheme considerably improves the performance and transient response of the guidance system in the presence of lateral acceleration limitations.